Jet fuel fumes Available studies of respiratory tract toxicity of jet fuels and kerosene are described below and summarized in Table 4-1. that may indicate future health risks. 3852) of 2021 Jet fuel is composed of hydrocarbons, which are compounds that only contain the elements carbon and hydrogen. I was 2w1 in the Air Force breathing fumes and fueling equipment was a daily occurrence. , 1976, Knave et al. It smells like kerosene. (1987) suggested that this result indicated a "greater role for aviation gasoline than for jet fuel. This flashpoint is the same as that of automotive gasoline, and there is a significant danger of combustion if it is not handled carefully. and the longer jet fuels stays on your skin will increase the amount of chemicals that will enter your body. Reply reply DPC128 Labtech here, that actually analyzes jet-fuel before giving the green light. Effects of exposure may also include irritation of the skin, nose, throat, and digestive tract Thermally degraded engine oil and hydraulic fluid fumes contaminating aircraft cabin air conditioning systems have been well documented since the 1950s. The studies are summarized in Table 12 The inhaled airborne irritants (particulate matter from dust or gaseous fumes) irritate the mucosal membranes of the nasal cavity, sinuses, and throat, leading to its inflammation; The swelling blocks the sinus openings and does not allow mucus to drain properly, leading to facial pain and other symptoms of sinusitis. Breathing vapors and having your hands and arms covered in fuel and solvents was a reality, he said. The dirty fumes caused by planes can be drastically reduced if we simply clean up the fuel - which could be done for a few pence per litre. Workers who are What are JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels? JP-5 (jet propellant-5) and JP-8 (jet propellant-8) are kerosene-based fuels used in military aircraft. 2 The White vinegar: Adding a cup of white vinegar to the wash cycle can help to neutralize any remaining jet fuel odor and leave your clothes smelling fresh. Short-term symptoms of exposure to jet fuel include: Skin EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO JET FUELS AND KEROSENE IN HUMANS Few studies have directly or systematically addressed the potential for adverse effects of JP-8 or other jet fuels on the human respiratory tract. Air Force has recently started using Jet A (plus As industrialisation has progressed, occupations will have exposed workers to a variety of hydrocarbons such as fossil fuels, diesel fumes, kerosene, metal working fluids or wood smoke. JET FUELS JP-4 AND JP-7 ii . JP-5 and JP-8 is shorthand for jet propellants 5 and 8. Although JP-4 and JP-7 are liquids at room A range of possible factors, including galactic cosmic radiation, ultraviolet radiation, radar radiation, exposure to jet fuel and fumes, and non-ionizing radiation from radars and jamming equipment all pose potential risks. When you read of 362 reported fumes events in a two-year period, it seems quite a lot. The present study is the largest cohort study to examine this Exposure to jet fuels can occur if you have skin contact with soil or water contaminated from a spill or leak. of jet fuel exposure . So the more energy dense it is, the less you need to use. Siemiatycki et al. Both JP-4 and JP-7 are flammable. (c) FOLLOW-UP JP-5 and JP-8 stand for jet propellant-5 and jet propellant-8. Jet Fuel Exposure Left Many Vietnam Vets Suffering From Long-Term Conditions. The study estimates that the use of a 100% hydrotreated jet fuel with very low sulphur and aromatics, which can reduce up to 70% of the number of UFP A large body of literature links general occupational exposures to dust and fumes with an increased risk of COPD, particularly in nonsmokers. (4) An identification of any areas relating to jet fuel exposure about which new . Both Jet A and Jet A-1 have flash points between 38 and 66 °C (100 and 151 °F), close to that of off-the-shelf kerosene. Service members may be exposed to fuels through skin, oral, or inhalation routes. This review provides an in-depth summary of human, animal, and in vitro studies of biological or health effects from exposure to JP-8, JP-8+100, JP-5, Jet A, Jet A-1, or kerosene. Navy's primary jet fuel, and JP-8 is one of the jet fuels used by the U. Sarah Laskow. b, Maculo-papular trunk rash after exposure to aircraft fumes. A number of the chemicals in jet fuels were found in the blood, fat, brain, lungs, and liver following exposure to JP -8 in air. This study presents a detailed job safety analysis and risk assessment that identifies potential hazards and the necessary safeguards and controls needed to safely manage tank recertification on offshore facilities toward preventing explosion and accidents. These hypotheses must be studied, however, to reach more advanced conclusions. Hi VC10er, were you referring to the smell of Jet fuel (kerosene), or the smell of the exhaust from the engines that were burning jet fuel at the airport? As Starlionblue pointed out, there's probably less raw fuel fumes around these days for just the reasons he suggested, more careful handling of the fuel and less "overwing" refueling taking Jet fuels JP-5 and JP-8 are substances used as aircraft fuels by the military. Exposure to jet fuel may occur during fuel handling, jet maintenance, and working on the flight line. They are also called jet fuel-4 and jet fuel-7. Although there are many more aircraft using AVGAS than use jet fuel, they are almost exclusively light aircraft. MC 75 and MC 77 jet fuels (equivalent to Jet A-1 and JP-4, respectively) were assessed in one study conducted in Sweden ( National Research Council, 1996 ), and the type of jet fuel was not specified in New studies have shown that it isn’t just the noise that has affected our troops hearing, it is also the fumes from the fuel. Aliphatic, volatile compounds are vapors obtained from spills of diesel Aviation jet fuels contain over a thousand different hydrocarbons, making the prediction of their properties from chemical composition difficult. Engines take bleed air off the COMPRESSOR section, so how much fuel they're burning is completely irrelevant. Hazardous exposure The research linking general occupational exposure to dusts and fumes, including diesel exhaust, to the incidence of COPD is getting stronger. 41-2. Whilst organophosphates have been the main subject of interest, oil and hydraulic fumes in the air supply also contain ultrafine particles, numerous volatile organic hydrocarbons and thermally This chapter summarizes the findings on potential neurotoxicity from exposure to jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) presented in the National Research Council report Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (NRC 1996) and reviews additional studies, most of which were completed after the 1996 report was published. Recent modeling This chapter summarizes the findings on carcinogenicity of jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) presented in the National Research Council report Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (NRC 1996) and reviews additional studies on JP-8 and related mixtures, some of which were completed after the 1996 report was published. Case 3. JP-5 and JP-8 are used as military aircraft fuels. of members of the Armed Forces to jet fuel. Possible health effects often depend on the way you were exposed (i. Effect on Environment. of a technically nature, ex-to or With aid records and 32 fuel fumes from 1955 on the the of. Jet fuel vapors were always present in the hangar due to venting This chapter summarizes the findings on the cardiovascular system toxicity of jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) and related fuels presented in the National Research Council report Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (NRC 1996) and reviews additional studies on cardiovascular system toxicity of JP-8 and related fuels. The exposed subjects were classified into a heavily exposed and a less heavily exposed group. According to Aviation Fuels: Technical Review (2007), the composition of aviation fuel contains sulfur, so toxic sulfur dioxide SO2 is also present in the exhaust of aviation engines. of jet fuels are primarily aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons of length C 8–C 17+ (NRC 2003). 69, 95% CI 1. Jet fuels have harmful chemicals that can Effects of Jet Fuel Exposure on the Cardiovascular System in Humans and Experimental Animals. We review the literature on the effects of fume events on aircrew health. Health Risks Associated with Jet Fuel Exposure. 2003). Jet Fuels. And kerosene fits all those. Breathing large amounts of the vapors from these fuels may cause nausea and nervous system effects. During inspection and maintenance of the aircraft, up to 9,750 gallons of fuel would be loaded. Once jet fuels enter your body, the chemicals in the fuel will be distributed throughout your body. As these odor-causing Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), one of the most common chronic diseases, is a condition of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucosa that lasts for at least 12 consecutive weeks, 1 and is characterized by at least 2 of the following symptoms: facial pressure, pain or fullness, headache, nasal obstruction, clear or mucopurulent nasal discharge, and anosmia or hyposmia. Topic Initial studies of jet fuel toxicity noted that many observed effects are attributable to the components of the fuel such as benzene, toluene, xylene and n-hexane. Both of the substances are composed of a large number of chemicals, and both are colorless liquids that may change into gas vapor. RISK ASSESSMENT ISSUES Although some kerosene-based jet fuels (Jet A, Jet A-1) have been used for as The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health. Those studies are summarized in tests jet and vents installed fumes from fuel. Jet fuels have evolved over the years, with military members exposed to various types, including JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A. This petroleum-derived product contains hydrocarbon chains with 8 to 16 carbon atoms, providing the high energy density necessary for efficient air travel. JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A have been found in at least 23 of the 1,699 Does the PACT Act cover jet fuel exposure? Yes, the PACT Act does cover jet fuel exposure for veterans. Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. ABSTRACT Background: Sleep disruption is a public health concern and environmental exposures that influence the biological processes underpinning sleep may contribute to impaired sleep health. Many of the constituents of JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels are volatile and will evaporate into the air when jet Just jet fumes, grease, steam, rubber everywhere (so, you know, all the good carcinogens). The $3 million JFES study was commissioned and funded by the Department of The report looks into so-called “fume events,” when toxic fumes from jet fuel seep into an airplane, causing passengers and crew to become ill. We cleaned up road In the present study the results of a neurological and neurophysiological health examination of 29 aircraft factory workers chronically exposed to jet fuel vapors are presented. June 1995 . (3) A . ) and Jet A-1 (international Concentrations of OPEs in air, soil and pine needles have been found to decrease with increasing distance from an airport, suggesting dispersion of jet fuel fumes in the local environment 5. Doesn't need to be very flameable, just need to be able to ignite. The amount of UFPs emitted from planes depends largely on the composition of the fuel. Jet fuel is highly combustible and can easily ignite in the presence of A study in zebrafish identified how air pollutants contribute to the buildup of toxic proteins associated with the disease. Whilst organophosphates have been the main subject of interest, oil and hydraulic fumes in the Diesel fuel and JP-8 are the primary fuels used to operate vehicles in deployment settings. Particulates in diesel exhaust are a substantial Chronic exposure to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are the main constituents of JP-8 military aircraft jet fuel, occurred over 3-5 years' duration while working on or near the flight line. Since the 1996 report was released, additional constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products. JP-5 is the U. DISCLAIMER . Jim Bauer. I was the 3 man on my loading crew so I sat on the equipment and the tank was either underneath me or directly to my left or right. Petroleum, coal, and by-products of industrial processing are major sources of hydrocarbons. Baking soda: Baking soda can help to absorb any remaining odors from the clothing. " Background: Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Air Force. The PACT Act includes provisions like the William Collins Jet Fuel Exposure Recognition Act (H. Many things can Objectives: The possible effects of exposure to neurotoxic substances such as gasoline, diesel fuel, paint, varnish, and solvents on the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea were examined. excluded because of the existence of a disease which per se might Exposure to JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels occurs mainly in the workplace or from accidents or spills. The study also assesses the correlation between jet fuel quality, UFP emissions and health impact. It does NOT smell good. Air Force standards for use as aircraft fuels. The common types of aircraft fuel are Jet A-1, Jet A, Jet B, JP4, JP5, JP8, and aviation gas. Additional research, with more advanced exposure Jet fuel was just part of the job, according to Heeter, who spent six years as an aircraft mechanic overseas and more than 1,000 hours in the air working to diagnose issues as an in-flight mechanic. , age Many military occupations, such as aircraft maintenance personnel, fuel handlers, and pilots, can be majorly exposed to toxic fumes like jet fuel and its vapors. Methods: A case-referent study design was used to recruit 192 subjects with histologically confirmed prostate Jet fuel flash points also vary with the composition of the fuel. R. JP-4 and JP-7 (jet propellant-4 and jet propellant-7) are substances that are used by the U. Approximately 1% of petroleum consists of benzene, which implies that it is a component of vehicle exhaust fumes. Fig. Because of this inherent variability, little information exists on the exact chemical and physical properties of jet fuels. Benzene was administered in combination with the jet fuel because benzene is sometimes a contaminant of jet fuels and exposure to benzene is associated Military personnel can be exposed to jet fuels by breathing in fumes, getting it on their skin (where it can be absorbed), or accidentally swallowing it. Key words: epidemiology, jet fuel, occupational medicine, occupational neurology, JET FUELS JP-4 AND JP-7 U. , 1978 have documented the occurrence of symptoms of neurasthenia, psychasthenia and polyneuropathy in civilian and military aircraft workers gas vapours may be present, coupled with jet fuel fumes is a high risk operation. This also makes the body Jet Fuel. JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels are colorless liquids that are flammable and smell like kerosene. What I did not like was the smell of actual jet fuel (JP-5 for the Navy). The components . Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, and fuel type, as well as on operation modes. Studies in laboratory animals suggest that exposure to these jet fuels can also cause damage to the liver and immune system. They smell like kero­ sene. research needs . Jet A is the type of fuel used in civilian aircraft. The presenting The common independent predictors of COPD in never-smokers included age ≥60 years, exposure to solid fuel, living in a rural area and a history of tuberculosis. Reply reply SillyCubensis • Yeah, just no. The examination included a s A recent paper by Dedoussi et al. During flight, commercial airplanes burn a mixture of jet fuel and oxygen in their engines to produce propulsion. Air Force as aircraft fuels. Jet exhaust (kerosene combustion) Jet fuel exposure (JP-5 and JP-8) during active duty is frequent. " Using ‘better quality’ jet fuel, though, can reduce UFPs by up to 70%, the study finds. Hydrocarbons are found naturally in the earth as crude oil. You may also be exposed to JP-5, JP-8, or Jet A fuels if you swim in waters where jet Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. However, according to the Bureau of Transport Statistics, part of the Department of Transport, during the same time there were around 16 million flights. implemented by the Armed Forces . JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels are kerosene-based jet fuels (NRC 2003; Ritchie et al. Inhalation of these potentially toxic fumes is increasingly recognised to cause acute and long-term neurological, respiratory, cardiological and other symptoms. The most serious hazard of jet fuel is that it is highly flammable. The amount of UFPs emitted from flights depends strongly on the composition of aviation fuel. JP-7 is also a liquid, usually colorless. Inhalation of jet fuel vapors can also cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. 04) than those without such exposure. Studies by Struwe et al. After four weeks, none of the rats showed significant levels of hearing loss; however, those exposed to the jet fuel did develop auditory brainstem dysfunctions, particularly those that received combined doses of jet fuel and noise. Propellants are substances that move other objects or give thrust. Airlines and airplane makers have reportedly The fumes of jet fuel can be flammable and, if inhaled in high concentrations, can irritate the eyes, lungs, and skin. , skin, oral, or breathing), the length of time of exposure, and personal characteristics (i. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate The laboratory combustor rig assembly was constructed and operated with JP-5 jet fuel to simulate an idle power setting of a TF-39 turbine engine. That means that there was a fumes event in only one in every 44,198 flights. While short-term exposure to jet fuel fumes can cause immediate discomfort, long-term exposure carries more significant health risks. The most common jet fuels in use are named Jet A (U. Anyone who works around fuel may be at risk "What we've got is people going to their commander saying something Each developed documented-bilateral vestibular dysfunction most probably related to chronic inhaled JP-8 fumes over a long period of time. intended to reduce the exposure. Jet fuel presents both combustible and toxic hazards in confined space entry. Jet A is the type of fuel used in civilian aircraft; however, the U. Exposures may have also occurred due to accidental spills. chronology of health safeguards . Individuals at risk include not only fuel handlers and those working The available literature directly examining the effects of occupational diesel exhaust on risk of COPD is quite small, but does suggest that increasing exposures are associated with increasing risk. While some studies have been done regarding the dangers of exposure to jet propulsion fuel, it can be difficult to prove how much exposure is required You're burning much more fuel at this point, so there'll be more fumes. JP-4 and JP-7 are liquid mixtures produced from petroleum and used by the U. and overalls, and ensuring proper ventilation in the workspace to avoid inhaling the fumes. JP-8 jet fuel (similar to commercial/international jet A-1 fuel) is the standard military fuel for all types of vehicles, including the U. Jet A is also used in some military aircraft. Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, Personal exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapors and exhaust at air force bases. Participants with solid fuel exposure were 69% more likely to have COPD (adjusted odds ratio 1. A 56-year-old woman, international airline 17+); the exact composition of a jet fuel is also dependent upon the crude oil from which it is refined. Published Mar 20, 2013. There is no single formula for JP -5, JP-8, or Jet A fuels and the exact composition of the jet fuel varies depending on Jet fuels JP-4 and JP-7 (jet propellant-4 and jet propel­ lant-7) are flammable, colorless to straw-colored liquid mix­ tures that come from crude petroleum. However, the VA provides cancer benefits for veterans who provide medical evidence linking their cancer to jet fuel exposure during military service. The distinct smell inside commercial airplanes is often attributed to jet fuel. JP-4 is a colorless to straw-colored liquid. . It is concluded, therefore, that the differences found between the groups are probably related to exposure to jet fuel. Jet fuels may have been absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or accidentally swallowed. Jet fuels are blends of other chemicals made according to U. Methods In the context of a case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada, 1,924 histologically-confirmed prostate cancer cases a, Bilateral erythema and inflammation of ear skin and cartilage (auricular chondritis) after exposure to aircraft fumes. Medical researchers have Long-Term Health Risks of Jet Fuel Fumes. Yet both Jet B and JP-4 have flash points between −23 and −1 °C (−9 and 30 °F). Simply sprinkle a small amount of baking soda on the affected area, let it sit for a few minutes, and then A previously unknown mechanisms may explain why air pollution in the form of particulates causes heart attacks, stroke, and increasing mortality. During had place head containing fuel. It is also important to follow safety guidelines and procedures provided by 10 Effects of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 on the Cardiovascular System This chapter summarizes the findings on the cardiovascular system toxicity of jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) and related fuels presented in the National Re- search Council report Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (NRC 1996) and reviews additional studies Objectives: The possible etiologic relevance of occupational factors such as cadmium, cutting oils, diesel fuel and fumes, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls, soot, tar, mineral oil, and solvents to prostate cancer was studied. The Enviromental Coordinator through the various registries are adding JET fuel, * Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Agent When both jet fuel and aviation gasoline were included in a regression model, the risk of kidney cancer ascribable to jet-fuel exposure was lower, whereas the risk associated with aviation gasoline was unaffected. Veterans may have been exposed to jet fuels used to operate military aircraft and other vehicles. According to studies done by the Center for Disease Control (CDC); JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels, those commonly used in commercial and military aircraft, are responsible for a myriad of health concerns, including When a Delta Airlines plane dumped jet fuel over several Los Angeles County schools in preparation for an emergency landing, among the issues raised was the risks to the children and teachers hit by the fuel. Cyclohexanone is a colorless, slightly volatile liquid with an odor similar to acetone and peppermint. 2021 (Dedoussi, 2021) has highlighted the important research questions surrounding aviation-attributable air pollution such as global impacts versus local impacts, aviation’s impact in a changing atmosphere, and emission reduction strategies focused on technological changes such as alternative jet fuels. The National Research Council Subcommittee on Permissible Exposure Levels for Military Results: Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. Prolonged toxic JET FUEL EXPOSURE STUDY The purpose of the Jet Fuel Exposure Syndrome (JFES) study was to investigate whether any changes in cell biology could be found that might help explain some of the health effects in former F-111 deseal/reseal workers. Studies of military personnel suggest that exposure to JP-8 may affect the nervous system. Exposure to toxic hydrocarbons was substantiated by the presence of JP-8 metabolite n-hexane in the blood of one of the cases. , 1983, Knave et al. and gases and/or fumes. 1 shows Introduction Some engine exhaust components are carcinogenic or have hormone-disrupting properties. Just wanted to add, the main thing they look for in good fuels is energy dense, cost and saftey. It smells like gasoline and/or kerosene. The air passengers and crew breathe on board in nearly all jet airliners is "bleed air" taken from the flow of air entering the Types of Jet Fuels and Those at Risk. The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by Jet fuels (JP) are aviation fuels used mainly by the United States and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations for military establishments. Among those with any work ever in a job with a high level of gas and/or fume exposure, the relative risk (RR) of having an FEV1 less than 30% predicted (compared to >70% that the two groups were essentially equivalent except for exposure to jet fuel. However, the contributions of environmental chemical pollutants to sleep health have not been systematically investigated. These fuels are kerosene-based and contain various volatile compounds, so high-level exposure to fuel vapors while working in Some Veterans may have been exposed while performing certain jobs, such as fueling an aircraft, transporting jet fuel, maintaining jet fuel storage tanks, fueling generators, or tending burn pits. Case Reports of the tanker aircraft. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Air Force aircraft inventory. They can also be used for fueling land vehicles and as a fuel source for heaters and lights. JP-7 has not been found at any sites. During the Vietnam War, exposure to JP4 jet fuel and other jet fuels was widespread in the Air Force and in other branches of the military. What this means to you: At high concentrations, jet fuel can affect the nervous system, causing headache, dizziness, and lack of coordination. Size of particles and emission Published literature on long-term respiratory outcomes related to occupational jet fuel exposure is sparse. Methods: Four hundred and forty-three persons with incident obstructive sleep apnea were recruited within the framework of a case-referent study. As such, JP-8 presents the most common chemical exposure in the Air Force, particularly for flight and ground crew personnel duri Toxic fumes overcame a pilot landing at Heathrow in January. Objective To investigate the association between lifetime occupational exposure to various engine exhausts (EE) and prostate cancer risk. It is chemically stable and is manufactured mainly by catalytic dehydration of cyclohexanol Thermally degraded engine oil and hydraulic fluid fumes contaminating aircraft cabin air conditioning systems have been well documented since the 1950s. The types of jet fuel varied between studies, with JP-8 jet fuel (n = 11) and JP-4 jet fuel (n = 9) being the most commonly reported exposures. As such, JP-8 presents the most common chemical exposure in the Air Force, The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A fuels. When both jet fuel and aviation gasoline were included in a regression model, the risk of kidney cancer ascribable to jet-fuel exposure was lower, whereas the risk associated with aviation gasoline was unaffected. e. to be conducted. The facts are becoming clear – more workers that are exposed to diesel exhaust in their jobs die from Bears in Russia are getting high by huffing airplane fuel And these Russian bears have figured out how to get high off gasoline fumes. officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of jet fuels JP-4 and JP-7 and a depiction JP-8 jet fuel (similar to commercial/international jet A-1 fuel) is the standard military fuel for all types of vehicles, including the U. It contains The CDC also claims that jet fuel exposure has been linked to some cancers, but the results of these medical studies are inconclusive. Breathing in jet fuel (jet-A) can be dangerous as it can cause irritation to the respiratory tract and lungs, and long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects. Jet fuel is basically kerosene. JP-4 has been found in at least 4 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).